The port txq settings represent the minimum guaranteed percentage of available Weighted Round Robin service (total = 100) that will be dedicated to that port's packet transmission, as needed.
The port priority-queue settings represent the actual hardware transmit queue number (for the D2, 0 through 7 exist) used for each of the possible packet priorities 0 through 7.
Here, these all appear to be set at their defaults.
"I would expect that untagged traffic ingressing in ge.1.5 will be assigned a priority of 3 and it will carry this when egressing as a tagged frame."
Yes, true - as you've determined.
"Does the traffic get to Q3 and is it forwarded according to the txq rules (10%) of all?"
Yes. But understand that it's only restricted to 10% if the higher-priority queues are demanding full attention. It's possible that in effect, Q3 could receive 100% of the service.
"Is there any way to confirm the COS configuration?"
As already stated, officially the answer here is No.
"Is it enough to have the ToS/CoS mapping in the cos settings to priorize AF31 and EF or is policy a must at this stage?"
By default, none of this examines or cares about the TOS/DSCP settings of incoming frames.
On the D2 without a Policy license, one could use Diffserv (outlined in Hub KB 5848,
http://bit.ly/18F0WPL) to act upon DSCP settings.
On the D2 with a Policy license, one could use Policy (for example Hub KB 7589,
http://bit.ly/18ffoh8) to act upon DSCP settings.
Questions?