Hi,
If that works only when "VOICE" vlan is configured, I guess that ipaddress and vlan tag is already configured correctly in the phones otherwise it would work only when using "USER" vlan because that vlan is configured to accept only untagged frames on user ports...
Would be great to configure an IP in both vlans "USER" and "VOICE", plug both Phone and PC and try to ping from the switch to both PC and Phone IPs.
Then we can check if at least there are some communication to the phone and PC.